Аналитика в реальном времени, гибридная транзакционная/аналитическая обработка, управление данными в основной памяти и энергонезависимая память

В наши дни аналитика в реальном времени – одно из наиболее часто используемых понятий в мире баз данных. В широком смысле этот термин означает очень быструю аналитику очень свежих данных. Обычно этот термин используется вместе с другими популярными терминами – гибридной транзакционной / аналитической обработкой (HTAP) и обработкой данных в основной памяти. Причина в том, что самый простой способ предоставить свежие оперативные данные для анализа – это объединить в одной системе как транзакционную, так и аналитическую обработку. Самый эффективный способ обеспечить быструю транзакционную и аналитическую обработку – хранить всю базу данных в основной памяти. Итак, с одной стороны, эти три термина связаны, но с другой стороны, каждый из них имеет собственное право на жизнь. В этой статье мы даем обзор нескольких систем управления данными в памяти, которые не являются системами HTAP. Некоторые из них являются чисто транзакционными, некоторые – чисто аналитическими, а некоторые поддерживают аналитику в реальном времени. Затем мы рассмотрим девять HTAP-СУБД с хранением баз данных в основной памяти, некоторые из которых не поддерживают аналитику в реальном времени. Существующие HTAP-СУБД реального времени с хранением баз данных в основной памяти имеют очень разнообразную и интересную архитектуру, хотя они используют ряд общих подходов: многоверсионное управление параллелизмом, многоядерное распараллеливание, расширенная оптимизация запросов, своевременная компиляция запросов и т.д. Кроме того, нас интересует, используют ли эти системы энергонезависимую память, и если да, то каким образом. Мы пришли к выводу, что появление нового поколения NVM будет значительно стимулировать использование энергонезависимой основной памяти в системах HTAP с хранением баз данных в основной памяти.

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